Learning Begins at Birth

Brain Development

A series of MRI images shows a child’s brain development from birth (left) to 1 year old (center) and 2 years old (right).

Image: A series of MRI images shows a child’s brain development from birth (left) to 1 year old (center) and 2 years old (right). Credit: Journal of Neuroscience

Here are some facts about early childhood development that demonstrate how much growth and learning is happening during the ages 0 - 5:

  • At birth a child has 100 billion neurons and 50 trillion connections called synapses. 
  • Up to a quadrillion additional connections will be made after birth as a result of sensory experiences. 
  • Sensory experiences such as the sound of a parent’s voice or a gentle touch actually create the complicated circuitry “wiring” the brain.
  •  Every child exhibits a unique rate and pattern of educational progress during the early years.
  •  The difference between the 6-year-old and 14-year-old brain scan image is the result of “pruning,” where the brain cleans out pathways and connections that are not used often. That is why the 14 year old brain scan is less dense. Creating more pathways and connections when children are young can help them retain that knowledge and information when they are older.

Researchers believe the more positive experiences a child has, the more synapses their brain has, and the greater chance the child has for successful lifelong learning experiences and emotional well-being.